Case #436 – January, 2017

An immigrant from Korea presented with calculi in the intrahepatic biliary passages, cholangitis and early stage cholangiocarcinoma. Figures A–C show what was observed in a hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained liver tissue section. Figure A was captured at 40x magnification; Figures B and C at 200x magnification. The objects of interest in Figures B and C measured 30 micrometers on average. What is your diagnosis? Based on what criteria?

Figure A

Figure B

Figure C

This was a case of clonorchiasis or opisthorchiasis caused by the trematode Clonorchis sinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini. In addition to the clinical features and location in the patient, morphologic features shown included:

Oval shaped operculate eggs, some with a visible opercular rim “shoulder” within the range for Clonorchis sinensis.
Eggs in utero of which some demonstrated a small knob or protrusion on the abopercular end.

The eggs of C. sinensis, O. viverrini, and O. felineus are practically indistinguishable by morphology alone which necessitate the examination of adult flukes or using molecular techniques to accurately diagnosis the cause of the infection. Geographically, C. sinensis is most common throughout Asia north of Thailand and the Philippines (including India). However, O. viverrini is the predominant liver fluke in Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. The geographic location of this specimen suggests a likely diagnosis of C. sinensis rather than O. viverinni. O. felineus can be excluded as it is found only in Northern Asia (Russia and Mongolia) and west into Central Europe

For more information on clonorchiasis, please visit: https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/clonorchiasis/index.html

For more information on opisthorchiasis, please visit: https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/opisthorchiasis/index.html

Images presented in the dpdx case studies are from specimens submitted for diagnosis or archiving. On rare occasions, clinical histories given may be partly fictitious.