Food Insecurity in a Sample of Informal Caregivers in 4 Southern US States
ORIGINAL RESEARCH — Volume 19 — August 18, 2022
PEER REVIEWED
Figure 1.
Association of caregiver status with food insecurity, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015.
| Characteristic | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|
| Caregiver status (reference: noncaregivers) | ||
| Yes | 1.56 (1.30–1.87) | <.01 |
| Age, y (reference: 18–34 y) | ||
| 35–64 | 0.70 (0.50–0.97) | .03 |
| ≥65 | 0.28 (0.20–0.40) | <.01 |
| Sex (reference: male) | ||
| Female | 1.52 (1.27–1.83) | <.01 |
| Race (reference: White) | ||
| Black | 1.00 (0.82–1.23) | .95 |
| Hispanic | 1.56 (0.79–3.06) | .20 |
| Other | 1.65 (0.96–2.85) | .07 |
| Education (reference: college graduate) | ||
| High school or less | 1.96 (1.53–2.49) | <.01 |
| Some college | 1.64 (1.29–2.09) | <.01 |
| Marital status (reference: married/part of a couple) | ||
| Never married | 1.41 (1.05–1.88) | .02 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.13 (0.85–1.52) | .40 |
| Employment status (reference: employed) | ||
| Unable to work | 2.67 (2.09–3.42) | <.01 |
| Not employed | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | .95 |
| Income, $ (reference: ≥$50,000) | ||
| <15,000 | 9.20 (6.59–12.85) | <.01 |
| 15,000–34,999 | 4.90 (3.71–6.49) | <.01 |
| 35,000–49,999 | 2.47 (1.81–3.38) | <.01 |
| State (reference: Tennessee) | ||
| Mississippi | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | .78 |
| Louisiana | 1.11 (0.88–1.4) | .37 |
| Alabama | 1.10 (0.87–1.38) | .42 |
| Health insurance (reference: no) | ||
| Yes | 1.13 (0.95–1.34) | .18 |
| Residing in Metropolitan Statistical Area (reference: no) | ||
| Yes | 0.68 (0.51–0.92) | .01 |
Figure 2.
Association of caregiver characteristics with food insecurity, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015.
| Characteristic | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|
| Caregiving hours (reference: less than 40 h/wk) | ||
| 40 hours or more per week | 1.03 (0.67–1.57) | .90 |
| Relationship with care recipient (reference: parents/parent-in-law) | ||
| Child/grandchild | 1.83 (0.99–3.39) | .05 |
| Spouse/partner | 1.7 (1.02–2.85) | .04 |
| Other | 1.1 (0.67–1.81) | .71 |
| Caregiving duration (reference: less than 6 months) | ||
| 6 months up to 2 years | 1.88 (1.12–3.16) | .02 |
| 2 years or more | 1.42 (0.89–2.25) | .14 |
| Needing caregiver support services (reference: no) | ||
| Yes | 3.38 (2.19–5.21) | <.001 |
| Helping with activities of daily living (reference: no) | ||
| Yes | 1.26 (0.85–1.91) | .24 |
| Helping with instrumental activities of daily living (reference: no) | ||
| Yes | 1.13 (0.68–1.87) | .65 |
| Care recipient condition (reference: neurologic conditions) | ||
| Cancer | 1.48 (0.74–2.97) | .27 |
| Musculoskeletal conditions | 3.47 (1.52–7.91) | .003 |
| Metabolic/cardiovascular conditions | 1.5 (0.83–2.71) | .17 |
| Other conditions | 1.23 (0.76–1.97) | .40 |
| Age, y (reference: 18-34 y) | ||
| 35–64 | 0.51 (0.27–0.96) | .04 |
| ≥65 | 0.22 (0.11–0.44) | <.001 |
| Sex (reference: male) | ||
| Female | 1.15 (0.76–1.73) | .51 |
| Race/ethnicity (reference: White) | ||
| Black | 0.99 (0.64–1.54) | .98 |
| Hispanic | 1.08 (0.27–4.23) | .92 |
| Other | 0.51 (0.2–1.29) | .15 |
| Education (reference: college graduate) | ||
| High school | 1.91 (1.21–3.02) | .01 |
| Some college | 1.59 (0.97–2.60) | .07 |
| Marital status (reference: married/part of a couple) | ||
| Never married | 1.18 (0.62–2.27) | .61 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.65 (1.06–2.55) | .03 |
| Employment status (reference: employed) | ||
| Unable to work | 2.3 (1.35–3.94) | .002 |
| Not employed | 0.68 (0.42–1.09) | .11 |
| Income, $ (reference: ≥$50,000) | ||
| <15,000 | 11.61 (6.00–22.48) | <.001 |
| 15,000–34,999 | 4.83 (2.88–8.08) | <.001 |
| 35,000–49,999 | 2.29 (1.25–4.19) | .007 |
| State (reference: Tennessee) | ||
| Mississippi | 0.9 (0.57–1.44) | .67 |
| Louisiana | 1.58 (0.98–2.55) | .06 |
| Alabama | 1.11 (0.68–1.81) | .67 |
| Insurance (reference: no) | ||
| Yes | 0.76 (0.45–1.28) | .30 |
| Residing in Metropolitan Statistical Area (reference: no) | ||
| Yes | 0.91 (0.65–1.29) | .60 |